However, our western blot and immunocytochemistry results demonstrated that treatment with various concentrations of metformin alone resulted in increased LC3-II accumulation but decreased p62 levels in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while co-treatment of metformin with TRAIL enhanced the protein levels of Ac-cas3 and Ac-cas8 compared to treatment with metformin or TRAIL alone (Figure 2). The gene discussed is EFS; the disease is lung adenocarcinoma.