We found that the expression of ISGs is higher in ENMO spinal cords than in their EAE counterparts, which is in line with the higher numbers of activated microglia/macrophages in the inflamed ENMO spinal cords [18], and with the induction of a pro-inflammatory, monocyte recruiting phenotype in astrocytes upon binding of NMO-IgG to AQP4 on their cell surface [121]. This evidence concerns the gene AQP4 and neuromyelitis optica.