HMGA2 and carcinoid syndrome: Pasireotide has been reported to have in vitro effects that are similar to those of octreotide on cell survival, chromogranin A, and SSTR2 phosphorylation and trafficking in human pancreatic NET cells (47), but to have greater in vivo inhibitory effects compared to octreotide, on pituitary tumor growth in the HMGA2 transgenic mouse model (25); and in controlling symptoms of carcinoid syndrome in more than 25% of patients with advanced NETs that were refractory or resistant to octreotide LAR therapy (35).