Immunohistochemistry studies have shown an anti-tumour effect of infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes, with improved survival rates of patients with pancreatic, lung, ovarian, colorectal, renal and oesophageal tumours [34–39], and a direct correlation between increasing number of CD8+ tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumour cell apoptosis [40,41]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.