Of the 72 pancreatic cancer samples (UCLH cohort), 46 (64%) strongly expressed PKM2 and these patients had a median survival of only 8.9 months compared with 28.9 months in the 26 (36%) patients with weak (negative) PKM2 tumour expression (p = 0.016, log-rank test, Fig 7). This evidence concerns the gene PKM and familial pancreatic carcinoma.