IL4 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Analysis of urinary cytokine excretion revealed significantly higher levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in a subgroup of patients with MCD/FSGS, whereas interleukin-17A (IL-17A), TNF-α, and TGF-ß1 were unaltered compared to a control group [19].