TNF and neoplasm: TNF-α was also overexpressed in animals with tumor time course greater than six months (p = 0.01); multiple tumor locations (p = 0.005); abundant tumor vascularization (p = 0.007); tumor mass size greater than three centimeters (p = 0.02); metastasis (p = 0.001); recurrence (p = 0.003); and clinical stage III or IV (p = 0.0002) and animals that died during followup (p = 0.005) (Figure 6(a)).