TNF and colonic neoplasm: Besides that, corroborating with our study, Al-Halabi et al. [34] showed that the inhibition of NF-κB significantly lowers microvessel density (CD31) and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1α, as well as protein levels of proliferation marker (Ki-67) and vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) A in human colon cancer, confirming the primordial role of NF-κB in angiogenesis and, therefore, tumor progression.