SPP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: As shown in Fig 1, AFP showed the best AUC (0.786, 95% CI 0.740–0.831) for the diagnosis of HCC, and the AUC for the remaining three biomarkers was 0.729 (95% CI 0.680–0.779) for PIVKA-II, 0.660 (95% CI 0.606–0.713) for OPN, and 0.665 (95% CI 0.612–0.718) for DKK-1.