Since glucose-6-phosphate serves as a substrate for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) responsible for the biogenesis of the antioxidants NADPH and glutathione [42], the HIF-1–mediated Warburg effect has been associated with the induction of antioxidant capacity and eventual radioresistance of cancer cells (Fig. 2) [43]. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is cancer.