While waiting for the results of these trials in terms of safety and tolerability and for the design of phase II and phase III trials to determine whether blockade of the IL-7Rα is effective in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, it is important to highlight the interest and the effort to explore the IL-7/IL-7R axis as a potential target pathway to control beta-cell autoimmunity. This evidence concerns the gene IL7 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.