PLP1 and Alzheimer disease: While there were no gender-specific differences noted during post-mortem evaluation of brain myelin density in AD + CVD (Table 1), analysis of the temporal lobe proteome of dementia patients revealed significant up-regulation of myelin proteins CNP, PLP and hyaluronan proteoglycan 2 (HPLN2), which were further increased only in female patients (Fig. 1a, Additional file 1: Table S1).