Since both of these two kinases contain conserved domains that are important for apoptosis, necrosis, and innate immunity, these findings indicate that RIPK1 and RIPK2 are targets for HIV-1 PR activity during HIV-1 infection and that their inactivation may contribute to cell death and modulation of host defenses by HIV-1 [12]. Here, RIPK1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.