BGLAP and chronic kidney disease: Along similar lines, among 174 patients with chronic kidney disease, stages 3 to 5, the criteria for vitamin K deficiency were met in 6%, 60% and 97% based on plasma levels of phylloquinone, percent uncarboxylated osteocalcin, or proteins induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA; des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin) (Holden et al., 2010).