Some studies showed that, in the peripheral blood of SLE patients, the percentages of γδ T cells that expressed intracellular IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-4 were all significantly increased, suggesting that different subsets of γδ T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE by secreting pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [71, 85]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus.