Of note, patient FI1-19 had the highest baseline NAb titer among all patients but nevertheless showed the biggest post-treatment infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumors and concomitant systemic induction of several tumor-specific CD8+ T cell populations, indicating that the presence of pre-existing NAbs did not affect the biological activity of the intratumoral injections of ONCOS-102. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.