Altered expression of specific miRNAs in the brain of AD patients compared to controls has been reported, including down-regulation of miR-15a/b, mR-16, miR-29a/b, miR-195, miR-103 and miR-107, which have all been shown to target the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) involved in the formation of amyloid plaques [10–15]. This evidence concerns the gene BACE1 and Alzheimer disease.