CpG adsorbed to the surface of cationic, liquid-crystalline liposomes resulted in increased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and increased survival in a mouse cancer-challenge model, as compared to liposomes without CpG [86], while IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were induced by CpG-conjugated OVA incorporated into the liposomes via the dehydration-rehydration method [78]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and cancer.