KRAS and neoplasm: As depicted in Fig 1A, to analyze the difference between normal and cancer cells under low glucose availability and upon activation of PKA pathway, we used NIH3T3 cells (Normal), a genetically well-characterized immortalized cell line that has long been established as a model of “normal” cells to study cell transformation, and NIH3T3-Kras cells (Transformed), an isogenic cell line expressing an oncogenic form of K-Ras able to induce cell transformation and tumor in immunocompromised mice [26].