Although inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis were sometimes associated with modulation of different signaling pathways in breast and prostate cancer cells, our data, in general, suggest that AHCs exerted influence on various signaling factors such as PI3-K, JAK2, Akt-1, STAT3, MAPK (ERK1/2, pERK1/2), NFκB, Bcl-xL and survivin (summarized in Fig. 7). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is prostate cancer.