CD4 and Autoimmunity: HLA-DQ8-restricted insulin mimetope-specific CD4+T cells were identified in children without and with various durations of islet autoimmunity (disease categories: no autoimmunity: islet autoantibody negative, recent activation: multiple islet autoantibodies for <5 years and long-term autoimmunity: multiple islet autoantibodies >10 years, Fig. 3a,c).