LITAF and infection: Compared to uninfected cells, CEFs and DEFs exhibited upregulated expression levels of IL-1beta and LITAF in response to infection with SS-10 and NH-10 or treatment with poly(I:C) during the testing period (Fig. 3a and d), though the expression levels of IL-1beta and LITAF showed different expression patterns at each time point for both infected CEFs and DEFs (Fig. 3a and d).