A selection of significantly up- and down-regulated canonical pathways relevant to PCOS and T2D—PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK-, androgen, TGF-β, IGF-1, NGF, telomerase, and NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response signaling pathways—are shown in Fig. 1A–H. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.