Relatedly, genetic analysis is employed to predict the likely efficacy of targeted therapies by testing whether the tumour contains pre-existing resistant clones; for example, colorectal cancers are screened forKRAS mutations as the presence of aKRAS mutant clone means that the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody cetuximab will be an ineffective treatment75. Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.