In addition, we measured the expression of defense-related genes, including PR1 (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1), PR2, and FRK1 (FLG22-INDUCED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1), and found that the cyp83a1-3 mutant accumulated similar levels of PR1, PR2, and FRK1 transcripts as the wild-type at both 3 and 5 days after infection with G. cichoracearum (Figure 2D). Here, TMEM37 is linked to infection.