Study in 149 CKD patients with a mean estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of 40 ± 9 mL/min/1.73 m2 showed that serum free and total IS were independently associated with increased levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, whereas serum free and total PCS were independently associated with increased levels of serum IL-6 and pulse wave velocity (Rossi et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is chronic kidney disease.