Figure 7d shows that phagocytosed GFP-conidia rapidly (at 5 min) colocalized with LAMP1 in either type of macrophages. Colocalization was increased by anakinra. However, at 45 min, anakinra reduced the colocalization with LAMP1, while it increased the colocalization with the 20S proteasome (Fig. 7d). Consistent with the regulation of NLRP3 expression (Supplementary Fig. 8), the proteosomal degradation pathway in RAW cells (Fig. 7e) and in CF-HBE cells (Fig. 7f) was promoted by anakinra. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cystic fibrosis.