Similarly, despite a clear protective role for IL-1R signalling7 and NLRC4 (refs 17, 18, 19) in the innate immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common pathogen in CF, deregulated inflammasome signalling also aggravates P. aeruginosa pneumonia in CF20 and non-CF21 conditions. Here, NLRC4 is linked to cystic fibrosis.