SPP1 and cancer: For example, PDPN, SPP1, BARX2 and MMPs genes are reported to promote cell adhesion to ECM25, 26, 27, 28, 29; DSG2 facilitates the formation of structure that mediates cell-cell adhesion30; IL-8 enhances colon cancer cell migration by activating the expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM), a enzyme required for cell motion31; and ARHGDIB induces EMT, thus promoting cell invasion and cancer metastasis32, 33.