TTBK2 and neurodegenerative disease: More recently, TTBK1 and TTBK2 were also shown to phosphorylate TDP-43 (transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa) [178], the phosphorylation-driven aggregation of which is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration as well as numerous other neurodegenerative diseases [179].