VEGFA and neoplasm: Overall, it has generally been accepted that upon arrival at the tumor site, macrophages become polarized to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and in turn aid in tumor promotion through the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines including TGF-β1 and IL-10, as well as the pro-angiogenic and pro-invasive cytokines VEGF and MT1-MMP, respectively [2].