INS and hypertensive disorder: In this study, we found an association between a high serum dioxin level (defined as a PCDD/Fs level ≥ 20 pg WHO98-TEQDF/g lipid) and CKD (defined as having an e-GFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or diagnosis of CKD by a physician), independent of gender, hypertension, insulin level, uric acid level, and age.