Recently, we could demonstrate that functionally relevant TLR2 (Arg753Gln—rs5743708) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly—rs4986790, Thr399Ile—rs4986791) polymorphisms significantly contribute to infectious complications like sepsis and pneumonia in AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy [3]. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.