RNPC3 and interstitial lung disease: Our case-control study discovered 9 independent associated variables for PAH in lupus patients, which were: baseline SLE duration (OR = 1.118, P = 0.007), interstitial lung disease (OR = 17.027, P < 0.001), without acute rash (OR = 3.258, P = 0.019), pericardial effusion (OR = 21.290, P < 0.001), anti-RNP antibody (OR = 12.399, P < 0.001), anti-SSA antibody (OR = 4.836, P = 0.004), SLEDAI≤9 (OR = 26.426, P < 0.001), ESR≤20 mm/h (OR = 12.068, P < 0.001), and uric acid>357 μmol/L (OR = 9.666, P < 0.001).