Associated variables included were as following: lupus duration, ILD, acute rash, lupus nephritis, alopecia, serositis, pericardial effusion, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-SSA, anti-RNP, and anti-rRNP, SLEDAI≤9, ESR≤20 mm/h, hemoglobin>150 g/L, and uric acid>357 μmol/L. Here, RNPC3 is linked to lupus nephritis.