Previously proved risk factors in the literature included Raynaud's phenomenon, anti-phospholipid antibody, anti-RNP antibody, serositis, the presence of pericardial effusion, anti-endothelial cell antibody, endothelin, disease activity, and so on.13,36–40 Data based on CSTAR has shown pericardial effusion, serositis, and anti-RNP antibody are independent risk factors in ECHO-based SLE-PAH patients,19 and later analysis of auto-antibodies has found that there is relevance between anti-SSA antibody and PAH.41 Here, RNPC3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.