LPS-RS (lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides) is a potent antagonist of TLR2 and TLR4, whereas LPS-RS Ultrapure specifically antagonizes TLR4. LPS-RS is reported to attenuate hypersensitivity in various neuropathic pain animal models, for example, the Sprague-Dawley rat paclitaxel-related chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) model, the cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) model in Wistar rats, the inflammatory arthritis pain model in C57Bl/6 mice, and the nerve injury-induced model in Sprague-Dawley rats [10–13]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is peripheral neuropathy.