CCL5 and atherosclerosis: Amongst the different types of NF-κB dimers, the P65/P50 heterodimer [32], is the most common form and plays a key role in promoting expression of the chemokines CCL2, CCL5 [33], and CX3CL1 [34] as well as the cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, all of which play critical roles in mediating inflammation, monocyte recruitment, and progresssion of atherosclerosis [35].