As a next step, our studies will explore the underlying mechanisms of how WD modulates B(a)P biotransformation enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, glucuronosyltransferase, sulfotransferase, and glutathione-S-transferases) and increases the number of colon tumors compared to RD. Here, CYP1A1 is linked to colonic neoplasm.