In another study [99], withaferin-A dose-dependently inhibited in vitro mammosphere formation, the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity, and CD44high-CD24low-epithelial-specific antigen-positive (ESA+) fraction in cultures of MCF-7 and SUM159 human breast cancer cells. The gene discussed is ALDH1A1; the disease is breast cancer.