As a consequence, ET-1+ mice presented with a significant increase in the number of renal cysts, inflammation, an increase in renal interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis, resulting in a decline in renal blood flow and GFR that was independent of changes in mean arterial pressure (Hocher et al., 1997; Theuring et al., 1998; Shindo et al., 2002). This evidence concerns the gene EDN1 and glomerulosclerosis.