TGFB1 and neoplasm: Since the TGF-β pathway has a pro-angiogenic effect [22–24], we analyzed the microvasculature of the xenografted tumors in our model and we found a dramatic increase of tumor vascularization in consequence of 5FU administration (75mg/kg/d twice a week), whereas the combination of LiCl (160 mg/kg/d) and 5FU was able to significantly decrease the vasculature density, restoring the basal value (Figure 1A and 1B, bottom panels).