90) andpromoter CpG island hypermethylation, which has been observed in colorectal, gastric,oesophageal, lung, ovarian and HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer, in GBM and in diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma (Refs 80, 78, 88, 89, 104, 136, 144,145). In contrast, GATA4amplification is recently described in certain gastric cancer which indicates a moreoncogenic function (Ref. 92). Further studies areneeded to unravel the molecular mechanisms of GATA4 amplified in comparisonwith GATA4 methylated gastric cancers. Here, GATA4 is linked to gastric cancer.