ABCB11 and Cholestatic liver disease: Hence, physical aspects of (conjugated) bile acids likely contribute most to the hormetic effect, possibly in conjunction with transcriptional regulation of factors other than ABCB11. UDCA is used in the treatment of several cholestatic liver diseases [9,10] and the protective effect of bile acids UDCA and TUDCA against GCDCA-induced apoptosis in in vitro models has been described before [5,24].