The aim of this study was to clarify whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene (rs1801282) and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) gene (rs8192673) are associated with markers of carotid atherosclerosis (carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), the number of affected segments of carotid arteries, and the sum of plaques thickness) in subjects with T2DM in the Caucasian population. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus.