However, IL‐8‐up‐regulated activation of Src (Tyr416), Cas (Tyr165), paxillin (Tyr118), ERK1/2 (Thr202, Tyr204) and JNK1/2 (Thr183,Tyr185) were significantly inhibited by 17β‐estradiol (E2; 10−8 and 10−9 M) treatment in human gastric cancer cells (Fig. 4A and B). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and gastric cancer.