Next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses have highlighted new patterns of translocations, defining specific subgroups of common solid tumors (BRAF in melanoma; FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 in lung cancer; NTRK in thyroid cancer), and in clinically unmet patients (BRAF and FGFR1 translocations in pediatric low-grade glioma; NTRK1 and NTRK2 in high-grade gliomas, and cholangiocarcinoma, Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.