CHRNA3 and lung carcinoma: A GWAS meta-analysis in a total sample of 41,150 individuals identified rs6495308 variants in CHRNA3 increased smoking quantity[28], subsequently, a cohort study confirmed carriers of the rs6495308 TT genotypes have approximately two fold greater odds for ND defined using CPD in European-American smokers[29], these findings suggest that rs6495308 variants lead indirectly to lung cancer via smoking behavior.