TNF and hereditary disease: It is found that microglia can be activated by transthyretin amyloid accumulation which in the CNS can cause a kind of fatal and untreatable genetic disease, oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis, leading to the secretion of inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide, and the neuronal damage [40].