Effects of T. chebula seed extracts on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) were evaluated by Park et al. Extract with a dose of 100 mg/kg once a day was administrated to gerbils for 7 days before induction of transient cerebral ischemia and the neuroprotective effect of the extract was evaluated in the CA1 hippocampal region on the fourth day after ischemia-reperfusion induction. The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is ischemia.