Emerging evidence suggests that circulating adiponectin levels are elevated in patients with CKD, and a high level of adiponectin is linked to increased cardiovascular mortality (Zoccali et al., 2003; Shimotomai et al., 2005; Iwashima et al., 2006; Zoccali and Mallamaci, 2011; Mills et al., 2013). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is chronic kidney disease.