TGF-β1 is a key profibrotic cytokine that play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through activation of a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways (Border et al., 1990; Border and Noble, 1994; Böttinger and Bitzer, 2002; Lan, 2011). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.