Our results confirm elevated S100B serum levels as an indicator of glial pathology in schizophrenia (Rothermundt et al., 2004a; Schroeter et al., 2009; Aleksovska et al., 2014), although this finding does not seem to be disease-specific, i.e., serum S100B seems to be elevated also in other psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders (Schroeter and Steiner, 2009), as shown in recent meta-analyses (Schroeter et al., 2008, 2010; Schroeter et al., 2011, 2013). This evidence concerns the gene S100B and psychiatric disorder.