Over the last decade, there have been advances in the study of molecular pathways underlying tumor development leading to the development of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and antibodies directed against the two main actionable genes in NSCLC up to now: mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene targeted by TKIs like gefitinib [13, 14], erlotinib [9, 15, 16], and afatinib [17–19] and translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene treated with the TKI crizotinib [20], alectinib [21], and ceritinib [22]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is neoplasm.