However, atypical expression is observed in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of NSCLC [127]. In vitro, silencing by siRNA-transfection of PAEP in two NSCLC cell lines resulted in significant upregulation of immune system modulatory factors such as PDL1, CXCL5, CXCL16, MICA/B, and CD83 as well as proliferation stimulators EDN1 and HBEGF [127]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL16 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.