RAC1 and diabetic kidney disease: Macrophage infiltration and chronic inflammation are hallmarks of a variety of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, metabolic syndrome nephropathy, salt excess, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, and obstructive nephropathy.[4, 49, 50] Rac1 in macrophages might be involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions.