Many of the key genes involved in the melanogenic pathway are associated with skin colour and skin cancer risk including agouti signalling protein (ASIP), oculocutaneous albinism 2 (OCA2), solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and melanocortin 1 receptor MC1R [8–17]. The gene discussed is MC1R; the disease is skin cancer.